Roderick, O'Neill, Casper, Elfring, Buchter, Gerzsai, Bosanszki > Korrekt's ancestry America, Ireland, Azores (royal), Scotland, Netherlands, Hungary.

(former Speaker Of The House (USA) Thomas "Tip" O'Neill's aunt Anne O'Neill).

Thomas P. O'Neill, Thomas Jr., Millie, Thomas III, Rosemary, Susan, and Michael.

Francisco de Paula Martinez de la Rosa (Spain) (reference likeness Korrekt's great grandparents)

Queen Regina Maria > (Romania reference)

Dunham's (reference likeness)

Korrekt & O'Neill family photo's 1920's > > > > > > 2010 (Monaco reference)

FIFA Spain Netherlands

EGA 1 2 EGA 3 DCON E BITE 4 EXAD 5

Royal Family (pending)

Hungary officially the Republic of Hungary, is a country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Following a Celtic (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (9 AD – c. 430) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian ruler Árpád, whose great-grandson Stephen I of Hungary was crowned with a crown sent from Rome by the pope in 1000. After being recognized as a kingdom, Hungary remained a monarchy for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centers of the western world. A significant power until the end of World War I, Hungary lost over 70% of its territory, along with 3.3 million people of Hungarian ethnicity, under the Treaty of Trianon, the terms of which have been considered excessively harsh in Hungary. The country lost eight of its ten biggest Hungarian cities as well. The kingdom was succeeded by a Communist era during which Hungary gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and the seminal move of opening its border with Austria, thus accelerating the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. The present form of government is a parliamentary republic. Today, Hungary is a high-income economy, and a regional leader regarding certain markers. Hungary was listed as one of the 15 most popular tourist destinations in the world.

Steve & Kathleen ("Rose" likeness)

Steve's mother (reference Princess Anne Royal United Kingdom)

Korrekt family photo's 1920's > > > > > 2010

EGA 1 2 EGA 3 DCON E BITE 4 EXAD 5 STDR > > >

Ferenc Gyurcsány (born in Pápa, 4 June 1961) is a Hungarian politician. He was the sixth Prime Minister of Hungary from 2004 to 2009.  He was nominated to take that position on 25 August 2004 by the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), after Péter Medgyessy resigned due to a conflict with the Socialist Party's coalition partner. Gyurcsány was elected Prime Minister on 29 September 2004 in a parliamentary vote. He led his coalition to victory in the parliamentary elections in 2006, securing another term as Prime Minister.

György Gordon Bajnai (born 5 March 1968, Szeged) was the seventh Prime Minister of Hungary from 2009 to 2010. In March 2009, following Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány's announced resignation, Bajnai was nominated by the ruling Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) to become Hungary's next prime minister. Bajnai became prime minister when the parliament passed a constructive motion of no-confidence against Ferenc Gyurcsány on 14 April 2009.

Charles I of Austria or Charles IV of Hungary (German: Karl Franz Joseph Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Marie von Habsburg-Lothringen, English: Charles Francis Joseph Louis Hubert George Otto Mary of Habsburg-Lorraine, Hungarian: IV. Károly or Habsburg-Lotaringiai Károly Ferenc József Lajos Hubert György Mária, Italian: Carlo Francesco Giuseppe Ludovico Giorgio Ottone Maria d'Asburgo Lorena, Polish: Karol Franciszek Józef Ludwik Hubert Jerzy Otto Maria Habsbursko-Lotaryński, Ukrainian: Карл І Франц Йосиф) (17 August 1887 – 1 April 1922) was (among other titles) the last ruler of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was the last Emperor of Austria, the last King of Hungary, the last King of Bohemia and Croatia and the last King of Galicia and Lodomeria and the last monarch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. He reigned as Charles I as Emperor of Austria and Charles IV as King of Hungary from 1916 until 1918, when he "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate.

Portugal officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.

The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.

Dom Duarte Pio (Portuguese pronunciation:  Duarte Pio João Miguel Gabriel Rafael de Bragança); born 15 May 1945), is the 24th Duke of Braganza, 6th Prince Royal of Portugal and the pretender to the throne of Portugal. If the Portuguese monarchy still existed and Duarte was King of Portugal, his regnal name would be Duarte II or Duarte III, if one accounts for his father. In his capacity as Duke of Braganza, Duarte Pio is styled as Duarte II of Braganza.
 

Korrekt's family photo 1910's

Dona Isabel Inês, Duchess of Braganza (née Isabel Inês de Castro Curvelo de Herédia; born 22 November 1966 in Lisbon, daughter of Architect Jorge de Herédia, great-grandson of Francisco Correia de Herédia, 1st Viscount da Ribeira Brava), and wife Raquel Leonor Pinheiro Curvelo, is the wife of Dom Duarte Pio, Duke of Bragança, current claimant to the Portuguese throne and Duchess of Bragança. Portugal is now a Republic, but state protocol in general grants her the style of HRH The Duchess of Braganza.
 

Korrekt's family photo 1900's

Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza (Duarte Nuno Fernando Maria Miguel Gabriel Rafael Francisco Xavier Raimundo António de Bragança. Born 23 September 1907 – 24 December 1976. was a claimant to the throne of Portugal.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain, is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning the island of Great Britain, the northeast part of the island of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The largest island, Great Britain, is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel. The United Kingdom is a unitary state consisting of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. It is governed by a parliamentary system with its seat of government in London, the capital, but with three devolved national administrations in Belfast, Cardiff and Edinburgh, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland respectively. The UK is a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as the head of state. The Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are Crown Dependencies and not part of the UK, but form a federacy with it. The UK has fourteen overseas territories, all remnants of the British Empire, which at its height encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface, the largest empire in history. British influence can continue to be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. Queen Elizabeth II remains the head of the Commonwealth of Nations and head of state of each of the Commonwealth realms.

V For Vendetta

Queen Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known informally as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis. She holds each crown separately and equally in a shared monarchy, and carries out duties for each state of which she is sovereign, as well as acting as Head of the Commonwealth, Supreme Governor of the Church of England, Duke of Normandy, Lord of Mann, and Paramount Chief of Fiji. In theory her powers are vast; however, in practice, and in accordance with convention, she rarely intervenes in political matters.

Elizabeth became Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon upon the death of her father, George VI, on 6 February 1952. Her reign of 57 years has seen sweeping changes, including the continued evolution of the British Empire into the modern Commonwealth of Nations. As colonies gained independence from the United Kingdom, she became queen of 25 newly independent countries. She is one of the longest-reigning British monarchs, and has been the sovereign of 32 individual nations, but half of them later became republics.

Veritas et Caritas, a search for truth through charity or service.

High School likeness 1950's -1980's

03.17.06 V For Vendetta

reference Sydney Kohara KPIX News San Francisco

Korrekt's family photo 1910 - 1930's

Lemony Snickets Daughtry Its Over

FBI Finch 01

King George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India (until 1947), the last King of Ireland (until 1949), and the first Head of the Commonwealth.

As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Edward. He served in the Royal Navy during World War I, and after the war took on the usual round of public engagements. He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923, and they had two daughters, Elizabeth (who succeeded him as Queen Elizabeth II) and Margaret.
 

US Navy likeness 1950's

Queen Elizabeth Bowes - Lyon (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite; 4 August 1900 - 30 March 2002) was the Queen consort of King George VI of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 1936 until his death in 1952. After her husband's death, she was known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, to avoid confusion with her daughter, Queen Elizabeth II. She was the last Queen consort of Ireland and Empress consort of India.  Born into a family of Scottish nobility (her father inherited the Earldom of Strathmore and Kinghorne in 1904), she came to prominence in 1923 when she married Albert, Duke of York, second son of King George V and Queen Mary.

Korrekt's family photo likeness 1900's

As Duchess of York, Elizabeth  – along with her husband and their two daughters Elizabeth and Margaret – embodied traditional ideas of family and public service. On the death of her mother-in-law Queen Mary in 1953, with her brother-in-law living abroad and her elder daughter Queen at the age of 25, Elizabeth became the senior member of the Royal Family and assumed a position as family matriarch. In her later years, she was a consistently popular member of the family.

High School likeness 1950's

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (Philippos of Greece and Denmark; born 10 June 1921) husband of Queen Elizabeth II. Philip was originally a royal prince of Greece and Denmark, and thus a member of the Danish-German House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, but renounced these titles shortly before his marriage and adopted the surname of his maternal grandparents, to become known as Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten. On the day before Philip was married, he was granted the style of His Royal Highness by King George VI and, the next day, was made Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich. Queen Elizabeth made Philip a Prince of the United Kingdom in 1957.

Korrekt's family photo 1930's

Prince Charles of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George born 14 November 1948) is the eldest child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Since 1952, he has been heir apparent to the thrones of the Commonwealth realms. After earning a bachelor of arts from Trinity College, Cambridge, Charles served a tour of duty with Royal Navy in 1971-1976. He married Lady Diana Spencer before an enormous worldwide television audience in 1981. They had two children, Prince William of Wales in 1982 and Prince Harry of Wales in 1984. The couple separated in 1992 following numerous tabloid allegations concerning their relationship. They divorced in 1996 after Diana publicly accused the prince of having an affair with Camilla Parker Bowles. Diana died in a car crash in 1997 and in 2005 the Prince married Parker Bowles.

Korrekt's family photo 1920's

Prince Andrew, Duke of York KG GCVO (Andrew Albert Christian Edward; born 19 February 1960), is the second son, and third child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the thrones of seven independent sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms; however, after the births of two children to his elder brother, and an evolution of the Commonwealth, Prince Andrew is currently fourth in line to the thrones of 16 countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.

He also holds the actual rank of Commander and the honorary rank of Rear Admiral in the Royal Navy, in which he served as an active duty helicopter pilot and later instructor in helicopter flight. He saw active service during the Falklands War, flying on multiple missions including anti-surface warfare, Exocet missile decoy and casualty evacuation.

In 1986, Prince Andrew married Sarah Ferguson; the couple's marriage, subsequent separation and eventual divorce in 1996 attracted a high level of media coverage. As well as carrying out various royal duties, he served as the United Kingdom's Special Representative for International Trade and Investment until July 2011.
 

Korrekt's family photo likeness 1900's - 1930's

Sarah Ferguson (similarities)

FBI Finch 01

Sarah Ferguson, Duchess of York (Sarah Margaret Ferguson; born 15 October 1959) is a British charity patron, spokesperson, writer, film producer, television personality and member of the British Royal Family.  She is the former wife of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, to whom she was married from 1986 until their divorce in 1996. She is often popularly referred to as "Fergie", a common nickname for people named Ferguson.

The Duchess is the younger daughter of Major Ronald Ferguson and Susan Barrantes. Her children, Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie of York, are respectively fifth and sixth in the line of succession to the thrones of 16 independent Commonwealth realms.
 

Korrekt's family photo likeness 1900's 1930's

Sarah Ferguson (similarities)

FBI Finch 01

Princess Eugenie of York (Eugenie Victoria Helena; born 23 March 1990) is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah, Duchess of York. As such she is sixth, and the second female, in the line of succession to the thrones of the 16 Commonwealth realms.

Korrekt family photo 1970's

EGA 1 2 3 4 EGA >

Prince William of Wales (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June 1982), KG, is the elder son of Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, and the late Diana, Princess of Wales, and grandson of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. As such, he is second in the line of succession to 16 independent states, although he is resident and most directly involved with the United Kingdom, the oldest realm.

Korrekt's family photo 1910's

Prince Henry of Wales (Henry Charles Albert David; born 15 September 1984), commonly known as Prince Harry, is the younger son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and the late Diana, Princess of Wales, and grandson of Queen Elizabeth II. As such, he is third in the line of succession to the thrones of 16 independent Commonwealth realms, though he is resident in and most directly involved with the United Kingdom.

US Navy likeness 1950's

Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (Margaret Rose; 21 August 1930 – 9 February 2002) was the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II.  Margaret spent much of her early life in the company of her elder sister and parents, The Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI) and Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later the Queen Mother). Her life changed dramatically in 1936 when her uncle, King Edward VIII, abdicated to marry the divorced American Wallis Simpson. Margaret's father became King in Edward's place, and after her elder sister, Elizabeth, Margaret became second in line to the throne.

High School likenesses 1980's (reference Ben Stiller & James Gordon Brown)

Princess Anne Royal (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950) is the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of her birth, she was third, and later for a few years was second in the line of succession to the thrones of seven independent states; however, after additions to the Royal Family, and an evolution of the Commonwealth, Anne is currently tenth in line to the thrones of 16 countries. She is resident in and most directly involved with the United Kingdom, the oldest realm, while also carrying out duties in and on behalf of the other states of which her mother is sovereign. The seventh holder of the title Princess Royal, Anne is known for her charitable work, being the patron of over 200 organizations, and she carries out about 700 royal engagements and public appearances per year.

Princess Anne is also known for equestrian talents; she won two silver and one gold medal at the European Eventing Championships, and is the only member of the British Royal Family to have competed in the Olympic Games. She is presently married to Vice-Admiral Timothy Laurence, and has two children from her previous marriage to Mark Phillips.

US Navy likeness 1950's

(reference Hungary)

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925) served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She is the only woman to have held either post. Born in Grantham in Lincolnshire, England, she read chemistry at Somerville College, Oxford and later trained as a barrister. She won a seat in the 1959 general election, becoming the MP for Finchley as a Conservative. When Edward Heath formed a government in 1970, he appointed Thatcher Secretary of State for Education and Science. Four years later, she backed Keith Joseph in his bid to become Conservative Party leader but he was forced to drop out of the election. In 1975 Thatcher entered the contest herself and became leader of the Conservative Party. At the 1979 general election she became Britain's first female Prime Minister.
 

High School likeness 1950's

James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party. Brown became Prime Minister in June 2007, after the resignation of Tony Blair and three days after becoming leader of the governing Labour Party. Immediately before this he had served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Labour government from 1997 to 2007 under Tony Blair

Korrekt's family photo 1940's & High School likenesses 1980's

Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (born 19 June 1964) is a British Conservative Party politician and journalist, who has been the elected Mayor of London since 2008. He was previously the Member of Parliament for Henley and editor of The Spectator magazine.

The Netherlands is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba in the Caribbean. The Netherlands is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy, located in Western Europe.

The Dutch Empire was the territories controlled by the Netherlands from the 17th to the 20th century. The Dutch followed Portugal and Spain in establishing a colonial global empire outside of continental Europe, aided by their skills in shipping and trading and the surge of nationalism and militarism accompanying the struggle for independence from Spain. Alongside the British, the Dutch initially built up colonial possessions on the basis of indirect state capitalist corporate colonialism, primarily with the Dutch East India Company.

FIFA Spain Netherlands > >

Queen Beatrix (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard; born 31 January 1938) has been the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 30 April 1980, when her mother, Queen Juliana, abdicated.

Beatrix as an infant in 1938 with her mother Princess Beatrix was born as Princess Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard of the Netherlands, of Orange-Nassau and of Lippe-Biesterfeld on 31 January 1938 at the Soestdijk Palace in Baarn, Netherlands. She is the eldest daughter of Crown Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld.
 

reference Sydney Kohar KPIX News San Francisco

High School likeness 1950's

Prince Claus van Amsberg (in Germany: Klaus von Amsberg; 6 September 1926 – 6 October 2002), later Prince Claus of the Netherlands, Jonkheer van Amsberg, was a German-born aristocrat who became the husband of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands.

He was born at the family estate Haus Dötzingen near Hitzacker, Germany as Klaus-Georg Wilhelm Otto Friedrich Gerd von Amsberg. His parents were Klaus Felix von Amsberg and Gösta Julie Adelheid Marion Marie Baroness von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen. His father operated a large farm in Tanganyika from 1928 until World War II. Claus and his six sisters grew up at their grandparents' manor in Lower Saxony. Claus also attended a boarding school in Tanzania from 1936 to 1938. He was also a member of Nazi youth organisations such as Deutsches Jungvolk and the Hitler Youth (the latter being mandatory for all fit members of his generation). From 1938 until 1942, he attended the Baltenschule Misdroy.

High School likeness 1950's

Pieter van Vollenhoven, Jr. (born 30 April 1939) is the husband of Princess Margriet Francisca of the Netherlands. He married Princess Margriet of the Netherlands on 10 January 1967. Pieter became a member of the Dutch Royal Family. He bears no titles as a result of the marriage. Pieter is Aide-de-Camp Extraordinary to Her Majesty Queen Beatrix.

TPOTC Morgenstern Rossellini Forbes Mengering Letterman

Korrekt family photo 1930's

Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal. Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. With an area of 504,030 km², Spain is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France.

Because of its location, the territory of Spain was subject to many external influences, often simultaneously, since prehistoric times and through the dawn of Spain as a country. Conversely, the country itself has been an important source of influence to other regions, chiefly during the Modern Era, when it became a global empire that has left a legacy of over 400 million Spanish speakers today.

Spain is a democracy organized in the form of a parliamentary government under a constitutional monarchy. It is a developed country with the ninth or tenth largest economy by nominal GDP, and high living standards (Spain has the 15th highest HDI). It is a member of the United Nations, European Union, NATO, OECD, and WTO.

FIFA Spain Netherlands > >

King Juan Carlos I of Spain (Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias; born 5 January 1938, Rome, Italy) is the reigning king of Spain. He is the son of the late Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona and the late Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. He is the grandson of the prior King of Spain, Alfonso XIII who was deposed in 1931. On 22 November 1975, Juan Carlos was designated King according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco. Juan Carlos was married in Athens at the Church of Saint Dennis on 14 May 1962, to HRH Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark, daughter of King Paul.

US Navy likenesses 1950's & Korrekt family photo 1970's

US Navy Buffet Gates Spain

Queen Sofía of Spain (Princess Sophia Margaret Victoria Frederica of Greece and Denmark; Spanish: Sofía de Grecia y Dinamarca; Greek; born on 2 November, 1938), is the Queen consort of Spain as the wife of King Juan Carlos I. Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark was born in Psychiko, Athens, Greece. Queen Sofia is a member of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg dynasty. Her brother is the deposed King Constantine II of Greece and her sister Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark. However, since the abolition of the monarchy, the royal titles are not recognized by the Constitution of Greece.

High School likeness 1950's

Korrekt family likeness 1925 > >

Queen Sofía of Spain (Princess Sophia Margaret Victoria Frederica of Greece and Denmark; Spanish: Sofía de Grecia y Dinamarca; Greek; born on 2 November, 1938), is the Queen consort of Spain as the wife of King Juan Carlos I. Princess Sophia of Greece and Denmark was born in Psychiko, Athens, Greece. Queen Sofia is a member of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg dynasty. Her brother is the deposed King Constantine II of Greece and her sister Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark. However, since the abolition of the monarchy, the royal titles are not recognized by the Constitution of Greece.

High School likeness 1950's

Korrekt family likeness 1925 > >

Prince Felipe of Asturias (Felipe Juan Pablo Alfonso de Todos los Santos (et omnes sancti) de Borbón y de Grecia; born 30 January 1968, Madrid, Spain), is the third child and only son of King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía of Spain. As the Prince of Asturias he is the heir apparent to the Spanish throne. As heir to the Spanish throne he bears the official titles of Prince of Asturias, Prince of Viana, Prince of Girona, Duke of Montblanc, Count of Cervera and Lord of Balaguer.

US Navy likeness 1950's

José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (born 4 August 1960, Valladolid), better known by his maternal surname Zapatero or ZP, is the current President of the Government of Spain (Presidente del Gobierno de España in Spanish). Zapatero has won two consecutive elections, the first in 2004, and again in 2008, after his Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) won a plurality of seats in the Spanish Congress of Deputies.

US Navy likeness 1950's

Francisco de Paula Martinez de la Rosa (March 10, 1787 – February 7, 1862), Spanish statesman and dramatist, born on the 10th of March 1787 at Granada, He won popularity with a series of epigrams on local celebrities published under the title of El Cementerio de momo. During the struggle against Napoleon he took the patriotic side, elected deputy, and at Cadiz produced his first play, Lo que puede un empleo, a prose comedy in the manner of the younger Moratin. La Viuda de Padilia (1814), a tragedy modelled upon Alfieri, was less acceptable to the Spanish public. Meanwhile the author became more and more engulfed in politics, and in 1814 was banished to Africa, where he remained until 1820, when he was suddenly recalled and appointed prime minister. During the next three years he was the most unpopular man in Spain; denounced as a revolutionist by the Conservatives and as a reactionary by the Liberals, he alienated the sympathies of all parties, and his rhetoric earned for him the contemptuous nickname of Rosita la Pastelera (Rosie the compromiser/cake maker).

Korrekt family photo 1950's

Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city state, located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. Bordered by France on three sides, with one side bordering the Mediterranean Sea, its population of 35,986, makes Monaco the second smallest and the most densely populated country in the world.  Monaco's most populated Quartier is Monte Carlo, and the most populated Ward is Larvotto Bas Moulins.  After a recent expansion of Port Hercules, Monaco's total area is 2.05 km2 (0.79 sq mi), with new plans to extend the district of Fontvieille, with land reclaimed from the Mediterranean Sea.

Monaco is a principality governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with Prince Albert II as head of state.  Even though Prince Albert II is a constitutional monarch, he still has immense political power.  The House of Grimaldi have ruled Monaco, with brief interruptions, since 1297. The official language is French, but Monégasque, Italian, and English are widely spoken and understood.  The state's sovereignty was officially recognized by the Franco-Monegasque Treaty of 1861, with Monaco becoming a full UN voting member in 1993, after much political debate.  Despite Monaco's independence and separate foreign policy, its defense is the responsibility of France.  However, Monaco does maintain two small military units, totaling 255 officers and men, the Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers de Monaco, and the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince.

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King Michael (born 25 October 1921) reigned as King of the Romanians (Romanian: Maiestatea Sa Mihai I Regele Românilor, literally "His Majesty Michael I King of the Romanians") from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930, and again from 6 September 1940, until forced to abdicate by the communists backed up by orders of Stalin to the Soviet armies of occupation on 30 December 1947. He is also a Prince of Hohenzollern.

A great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria by both of his parents and a third cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, he is one of the last surviving heads of state from World War II, the others being Simeon II of Bulgaria and former King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia.

US Navy likenesses 1950's

Fantastic Voyage Zero 7 Crosses KAS > 1

Queen Marie of Romania (Marie Alexandra Victoria, previously Princess Marie of Edinburgh; 29 October 1875 – 18 July 1938) was Queen consort of Romania from 1914 to 1927, as the wife of Ferdinand of Romania.
 

Korrekt family photo's 1920's

Queen Regina Maria > > > > > > reference Azores

Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas.  Sweden's capital is Stockholm, with 1.3 million inhabitants also the largest city.

Today, Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy of government and a highly developed economy.

Gustaf VI Adolf - Oscar Fredrik Wilhelm Olaf Gustaf Adolf - (11 November 1882 – 15 September 1973) was King of Sweden from October 29 1950 until September 15 1973. He was the eldest son of King Gustaf V and his wife Victoria of Baden. He married, firstly, Princess Margaret of Connaught on 15 June 1905 in St. George's Chapel, at Windsor Castle. Princess Margaret was the daughter of HRH Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of the United Kingdom.

He married, secondly, Lady Louise Mountbatten, formerly HSH Princess Louise of Battenberg, on 3 November 1923. It was Lady Louise who became Queen of Sweden.

Korrekt family Likeness 1900's

Louise Mountbatten (Louise Alexandra Marie Irene; 13 July 1889 – 7 March 1965) became Queen consort of Sweden in 1950 and served as such until 1965. Through her marriage, prior to her husband's accession as King Gustaf VI Adolf, Louise was Crown Princess of Sweden and Duchess of Scania.

Korrekt family Likeness 1940's

Princess Märtha of Sweden (28 March 1901 – 5 April 1954), full name Märtha Sofia Lovisa Dagmar Thyra was the granddaughter of King Oscar II of Sweden and the consort of Crown Prince Olav of Norway (later King Olav V). She was the first Crown Princess of Norway in modern times who was not also Crown Princess of Sweden or Denmark. She was also a Princess of Norway from her birth in 1901 to the dissolution of the personal union between Sweden and Norway in 1905.

 

Korrekt family photo's 1940's - 2000's

MLNM

Queen Silvia of Sweden (born 23 December 1943) is the Queen consort of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. Styled Her Majesty The Queen, Silvia is the mother of the heir apparent to the throne, Crown Princess Victoria.

Korrekt family likeness 1910's

Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland (born Lillian May Davies on 30 August 1915) is a member of the Swedish Royal Family since marrying the late prince Bertil, an uncle of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, in 1976.
 

(reference Cindy McCain wife of presidential candidate Republican Senator John McCain)

High School likeness 1950's

The Royal Family of Norway is the extended family of King Harald V of Norway. In Norway there is a distinction between the Royal House and the Royal Family. The Royal House includes only the King, Queen, those directly in line to the throne and their spouses.

Sweden seceded from the Kalmar Union ultimately in 1523. In 1469, the Norwegian king pledged Orkney and Shetland to the crown of Scotland as mortgage for a dowry debt. In 1814, Denmark ceded Norway (but not its dependencies Iceland, Greenland and the Faroese) to Sweden; in 1905, Norway became independent. Its new government offered the crown to Prince Carl, second son of Frederick VIII of Denmark. After being approved in a popular vote, Carl was crowned Haakon VII of Norway.

Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a country in Northern Europe occupying the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, as well as Jan Mayen and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard under the Spitsbergen Treaty. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east. The United Kingdom and Faroe Islands lie to its west across the North Sea, Iceland and Greenland lie to its west across the Norwegian Sea, and Denmark lies south of its southern tip across the Skagerrak Strait. The capital of Norway is Oslo. Bouvet Island and Peter I Island are dependent territories (Norwegian: biland) of Norway, but not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, a claim that has been recognized by Australia, France, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.

After the Second World War, the country experienced rapid economic growth, the first two decades due to the Norwegian shipping and merchant marine and domestic industrialization, from the early 1970's a result of large oil deposits discovered in the North Sea and Norwegian Sea. Today it ranks as the wealthiest country in the world, with the largest capital reserve per capita of any nation. In August 2009 the nation's sovereign wealth fund announced that it owned approximately 1% of all the stocks in the world, presumably referring to publicly traded stocks. Norway is the world’s seventh largest oil exporter and the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of its GDP. Following the ongoing financial crisis of 2007-2009, bankers have deemed the Norwegian krone to be one of the most solid currencies in the world.

Prince Ari Mikael Behn (born 30 September 1972) is a Norwegian author, and is best known as the husband of Princess Märtha Louise of Norway. Behn was born in Århus, Denmark, the eldest child of Olav Bjørshol (b. 1952) and Marianne Solberg (b. 1953). Both his parents are waldorf teachers who have worked at the Waldorf School in Moss; his father has a degree in special education while his mother has trained as a waldorf teacher. His parents married in 1973, but divorced after nine years and both remarried, Olav Bjørshol to a daughter of André Bjerke. However, in 2007 the parents of Ari Behn were married again.  On 24 May 2002, Behn married Princess Märtha Louise of Norway.

Korrekt family photo 1930's

(reference Prince Frederik of Denmark)

Princess Märtha of Sweden (28 March 1901 – 5 April 1954), full name Märtha Sofia Lovisa Dagmar Thyra was the granddaughter of King Oscar II of Sweden and the consort of Crown Prince Olav of Norway (later King Olav V). She was the first Crown Princess of Norway in modern times who was not also Crown Princess of Sweden or Denmark. She was also a Princess of Norway from her birth in 1901 to the dissolution of the personal union between Sweden and Norway in 1905.

 

Korrekt family photo's 1940's - 2000's

MLNM

Johan Martin Ferner (born 22 July 1927, Asker) is a Norwegian sailor and Olympic medalist. He won a silver medal in the 6 meter class with the boat Elisabeth X at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, together with Finn Ferner, Erik Heiberg, Tor Arneberg and Carl Mortensen.  He is the brother-in-law of King Harald V of Norway and Princess Ragnhild of Norway.
 

A department store owner, he has married twice. His first marriage ended in divorce. He remarried, at Asker Church outside Oslo on 12 January 1961 to Princess Astrid of Norway, the second daughter of Olav V of Norway and Princess Märtha of Sweden.

Korrekt family photo's 1910's

(reference Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. 07.01.08 United States Of America Government & World Leaders Likeness)

Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries; southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and it is bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Vendsyssel-Thy, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has long controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea, as over water this can only take place via one of the three channels, that are also known as the "Danish straits".

Denmark, with a mixed market capitalist economy and a large welfare state, ranks according to one measure, as having the world's highest level of income equality. Denmark has the best business climate in the world, according to the US business magazine Forbes. From 2006 to 2008, surveys ranked Denmark as "the happiest place in the world," based on standards of health, welfare, and education. The 2009 Global Peace Index survey ranks Denmark as the second most peaceful country in the world, after New Zealand. Denmark was also ranked as the least corrupt country in the world in the 2008 Corruption Perceptions Index, sharing a top position with Sweden and New Zealand.
 

Korrekt Family photo's 1900's

Queen Margrethe II (born 16 April 1940) is the Queen of Denmark. In 1972 she became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries 1388-1412 during the Kalmar Union. Princess Margrethe was born at Amalienborg Palace, to Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Ingrid.  Queen Margrethe II's official motto is: The Help of God, the Love of the People, the Strength of Denmark. She studied prehistoric archaeology at Girton College, Cambridge during 1960–61, political science at Aarhus University between 1961–1962, at the Sorbonne in 1963, and at the London School of Economics in 1965. On 10 June 1967, Princess Margrethe of Denmark married a French diplomat, Count Henri de Laborde de Monpezat, at the Naval Church of Copenhagen. Laborde de Monpezat received the style and title of "His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark" because of his new position as the spouse of the Heiress Presumptive to the Danish throne.

Korrekt family photo 1930's

Prince Henrik, Consort of Denmark (born 11 June 1934) is the husband of the Queen of Denmark, Margrethe II.  Henrik was born in Talence, Gironde, France. He was raised as Catholic. He spent his first five years in French Indochina (now Vietnam) where his father was in charge of family business interests. He returned to Hanoi in 1950, graduating from the French secondary school there in 1952. Between 1952 and 1957 he simultaneously studied law and political science at the Sorbonne, Paris, and Chinese and Vietnamese at the École Nationale des Langues Orientales (now known as INALCO). He also studied in Hong Kong in 1957 and Saigon in 1958. After military service with the French Army in the Algerian War between 1959 and 1962, in 1962 he joined the French Foreign Affairs ministry, working as a Secretary at the embassy in London from 1963 to 1967. On 10 June 1967 he married Princess Margrethe, the heiress presumptive to the Danish throne, at the Naval Church of Copenhagen. At the time of the wedding his name was Danicised to Henrik and he was created HRH Prince Henrik of Denmark. Before the wedding, the Prince converted to Protestantism with the Vatican's consent

Korrekt family photo 1930's

Prince Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark, formerly Prince of Denmark and Iceland (born 27 July 1900 14 June 1976) was the second son and youngest child of King Christian X and Queen Alexandrine. From 1947 to 1953, he was heir presumptive of his older brother King Frederick IX, and would have become king in his turn, but a change in the constitution caused him to lose his place in the succession to Margrethe II.  Prince Knud was born at Sorgenfri Palace in Sorgenfri, Denmark. He married his first cousin, Princess Caroline-Mathilde, on 8 September 1933 at Fredensborg Palace.

Princess Benedikte of Denmark, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (born in Amalienborg Palace, Copenhagen 29 April 1944), is the second daughter of King Frederik IX of Denmark and Ingrid of Sweden. She is the younger sister of the current reigning Queen of Denmark, Margrethe II and the older sister of Queen Anne-Marie of Greece.
 

Korrekt family photo 1910's

(reference Cokie Roberts American  journalist & author)

Prince Frederik Crown of Denmark (born Copenhagen, 26 May 1968) is the heir apparent to the Throne of Denmark. Frederik is the elder son of Queen Margrethe II and Henrik, the Prince Consort. Frederik studied at Harvard University from 1992–1993 under the name of Frederik Henriksen, studying political science. He then took up a position for three months with the Danish UN mission in New York in 1994. He received an MSc in Political Science from the University of Aarhus, which he completed in February 1995.

Korrekt family photo 1910's

(reference Prince Ari Mikael Behn of Norway, Count Rodolphe de Limburg Stirum)

Princess Mary Elizabeth Donaldson Crown Princess of Denmark (born: 5 February 1972) is the wife of Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark. Mary was born and raised in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. She attended Waimea Heights Primary School from 1978 to 1982. She completed her secondary education at Taroona High School and Hobart Matriculation College before studying at the University of Tasmania for five years. Mary Donaldson and Crown Prince Frederik married on 14 May 2004.

Korrekt family photo 1910's

Prince Joachim of Denmark, Count of Monpezat (born Copenhagen, 7 June 1969) is a member of the Danish Royal Family. He is the younger son of Queen Margrethe II and Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark. Joachim is fourth in line to the Danish throne, following the Crown Prince and his children.  His godparents include Count Jean Baptiste de Laborde de Monpezat, Princess Benedikte of Denmark, and Princess Christina of Sweden. Prince Joachim’s first language is Danish but he also speaks French, English and German. He resides at Schackenborg Castle in Jutland.  On 18 November 1995 Joachim married Alexandra Christina Manley, now Alexandra Christina, Countess of Frederiksborg, a Hong Kong-born former sales and marketing deputy chief executive of British, Chinese, Czech and Austrian ancestry. The wedding took place in the Frederiksborg Palace Church.  On 3 October 2007 the Danish Royal Court announced that Prince Joachim had become engaged to Marie Cavallier, now Princess Marie of Denmark. The wedding was held on 24 May 2008 in Møgeltønder Church, which is near Schackenborg Manor, and is the same church in which Prince Felix was christened. The wedding date is the 73rd anniversary of the wedding of Joachim's grandparents, King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid.

 

Korrekt family photo 1910's

Princess Märtha of Sweden (28 March 1901 – 5 April 1954), full name Märtha Sofia Lovisa Dagmar Thyra was the granddaughter of King Oscar II of Sweden and the consort of Crown Prince Olav of Norway (later King Olav V). She was the first Crown Princess of Norway in modern times who was not also Crown Princess of Sweden or Denmark. She was also a Princess of Norway from her birth in 1901 to the dissolution of the personal union between Sweden and Norway in 1905.

 

Korrekt family photo's 1940's - 2000's

MLNM

Princess Alexandra Christina, Countess of Frederiksborg (born 30 June 1964), is a former member of the Danish Royal House. Of British, Chinese, Czech and Austrian ancestry. Alexandra Manley was born in Hong Kong, as the eldest of three daughters of Richard Nigel Manley (born in Shanghai in 1924 to a British father and Chinese mother) and Christa Maria Manley (née Nowotny of Czech and Austrian descent, born in Austria in 1933). Alexandra was christened at the Cathedral of Saint John, Hong Kong. Her father was an insurance company executive; her mother was the manager of a communications company. She studied at the private English Schools Foundation run Island School for her secondary education.

Alexandra met Prince Joachim at a party in Hong Kong, where he was working for a Danish shipping company. After a whirlwind courtship, thought to have begun in late autumn of 1994, Prince Joachim, on bended knee, presented Alexandra with a diamond and ruby engagement ring while the couple holidayed together in the Philippines. Their engagement, which took both Alexandra's family and Danish royal watchers by surprise, was officially revealed in May 1995. They were wed on 18 November 1995, by Queen Margrethe's Chaplain-in-Ordinary, in the Chapel of Frederiksborg Castle at Hillerød. The wedding festivities were held at Fredensborg Palace.

When she wed Prince Joachim, however, she had to renounce her British citizenship and give up her career in marketing. She also changed her religious affiliation. Alexandra, an Anglican, received instruction in the Evangelical Lutheran faith and was confirmed prior to her wedding.

Korrekt family photo 1960's

Princess Marie Cavallier of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat (born 6 February 1976) the second wife of HRH Prince Joachim of Denmark. France. She is the only child of Françoise Grassiot and Alain Cavallier. She moved to Geneva, Switzerland, after her parents divorced. Marie Cavallier married Prince Joachim on 21 November 2007.

High School likeness 1980's

reference Farah Fath (One Life To Live ABC)

Greece historically in Katharevousa and Ancient Greek:  Hellas,  officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, politically considered part of Western Europe.  Athens is the capital and the largest city in the country (its urban area also including Piraeus). The population of the country, according to the official 2011 census, is about 10 million.

Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).

Modern Greece traces its roots to the civilization of ancient Greece, generally considered the cradle of Western civilization. As such it is the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, Western literature and historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, and Western drama,  including both tragedy and comedy. This legacy is partly reflected in the seventeen UNESCO World Heritage Sites located in Greece, ranking Greece 7th in Europe and 13th in the world. The modern Greek state was established in 1830, following the Greek War of Independence.

Greece has been a member of what is now the European Union since 1981 and the eurozone since 2001,  NATO since 1952, and is a founding member of the United Nations. Greece is a developed country with an advanced,  high-income economy and very high standards of living (including the 21st highest quality of life as of 2010). Since late 2009, the Greek economy has been hit by a severe economic and financial crisis resulting in the Greek government requesting €240 billion in loans from EU institutions, a substantial debt write-off, and unpopular austerity measures.

Christopher Paul O'Neill is a British-born American businessman living and working in New York, and the husband of Princess Madeleine of Sweden, Duchess of Halsingland and Gastrikland.

Count Rodolphe de Limburg Stirum,  (born at Brussels on 20 March 1979) his parents are Count Christian and Countess Colienne de Limburg Stirum née Countess d'Oultremont. Count Christian de Limburg Stirum is the brother of the late Count Evrard de Limburg Stirum, husband of Princess Hélène of France.  They live at the family estate at Huldenberg near Brussels.  His paternal grandparents are Count Thierry de Limburg Stirum and Countess Marie née Princess Marie Immaculée de Croÿ.   His maternal grandparensts are Count Eugène d'Oultremont and Countess Madeleine née Countess de Liedekerke.

Count Rodolphe de Limburg Stirum, married on Dec. 6, 2008 in Mechelen, Belgium, Archduchess Marie-Christine of Austria, a niece of current reigning Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. She is the great-granddaughter of King Leopold III of Belgium on her mother's side and Emperor Charles I of Austria on her father's side.

Korrekt Family photo's 1900's

(reference Prince Frederik Crown of Denmark, Hungary)

Princess Mathilde, Duchess of Brabant, (née: Ec. Jonkvrouw Mathilde Marie Christiane Ghislaine d'Udekem d'Acoz; born  20 January 1973). Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Brabant, is the wife of the heir apparent to the Belgian throne, HRH Prince Philippe, Duke of Brabant. Of Belgian and Polish ancestry, she is expected to be the first Belgian-born Queen consort of Belgium.  Princess Mathilde attended secondary school at the Institut de la Vierge Fidèle in Brussels. She then studied speech therapy at the Institut Libre Marie Haps in Brussels. She speaks French, Dutch, English and Italian. Mathilde married Prince Philippe on 4 December 1999 in Brussels.

US Navy likeness 1950's

There are many names of Japan in the English, Japanese, and other languages. The word "Japan" (or "Japon") is an exonym, and is used (in one form or another) by a large number of languages. The Japanese names for Japan are Nippon and Nihon. They are both written in Japanese using the kanji. The Japanese name Nippon is used for most official purposes, including on Japanese money, postage stamps, and for many international sporting events. Nihon is a more casual term and the most frequently used in contemporary speech.

Cipangu on the 1453 Fra Mauro map, the first known Western depiction of the island.  Both Nippon and Nihon literally mean "the sun's origin", that is, where the sun originates, and are often translated as the Land of the Rising Sun. This nomenclature comes from Imperial correspondence with Chinese Sui Dynasty and refers to Japan's eastward position relative to China. Before Japan had relations with China, it was known as Hi no moto, which means "source of the sun" and Yamato. Wa was a name early China used to refer to an ethnic group living in Japan around the time of the Three Kingdoms Period.

FIFA Japan United States of America

Crown Princess Masako (born 9 December 1963) is the wife of Crown Prince Naruhito, the first son of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko, and a member of the Imperial House of Japan through marriage.

Italy (Italian: Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana), is a country located partly on the European Continent and partly on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern, Alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within the Italian Peninsula, and Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers 301,338 km2. With 60.2 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world. The land known as Italy today has been the cradle of European cultures and peoples, such as the Etruscans and the Romans. Italy's capital, Rome, was for centuries the political center of Western civilization, as the capital of the Roman Empire. After its decline, Italy would endure numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Normans and later, the Byzantines, among others. Centuries later, Italy would become the birthplace of the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought. Through much of its post-Roman history, Italy was fragmented into numerous kingdoms and city-states (such as the Kingdom of Sardinia, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the duchy of Milan), but was unified in 1861, a tumultuous period in history known as the "Risorgimento". In the late 19th century, through World War I, and to World War II, Italy possessed a colonial empire, which extended its rule to Libya, Eritrea, Italian Somaliland, Ethiopia, Albania, Rhodes, the Dodecanese and a concession in Tianjin, China.Modern Italy is a democratic republic and a developed country with the eighth-highest quality of life index rating in the world. Italy enjoys a high standard of living, and is the world's 18th most developed country. It is a founding member of what is now the European Union, having signed the Treaty of Rome in 1957, and it is a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It is a member of the G8 and G20, having the world's seventh-largest nominal GDP, and is also a member state of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Council of Europe, and the Western European Union. It has the world's eight-largest defense budget and shares NATO's nuclear weapons.

Rome (Latin: Rōma) is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality, with over 2.7 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi), while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million. The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million.  It is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber river within the Lazio region of Italy. The city has been one of history's most powerful and important centers, being the home of the emperor during the Roman Empire and the Italian government. The city also has a significant place in Christianity and is the present day home of the Roman Catholic Church and the site of the Vatican City, an independent city-state run by the Catholic Church. Due to this, the city has often been nicknamed "Caput Mundi" (Latin for "Capital of the World") and "The Eternal City".  Rome's history as a city spans over two and a half thousand years, as one of the founding and most powerful cities of Western Civilization. It was the centre of the Roman Empire, which dominated Europe, North Africa and the Middle East for over four hundred years from the 1st Century BC until the 4th Century AD, and during the Ancient Roman era, the city was the most powerful in Europe.  During the Middle-Ages, Rome was home to some of the most powerful popes, who transformed the city into a modern centre of the arts and one of the major centers of the Italian Renaissance, along with Florence.  Famous artists and architects, such as Michelangelo, Bramante, Leonardo da Vinci, Bernini and Raphael resided for some time in Rome, contributing to its impressive Renaissance and Baroque architecture.  As a modern city, it has been capital of the unified Italy since 1870, and grew mainly in two periods either side of World War II. As it is one of the few major European cities that escaped the war relatively unscathed, central Rome remains essentially Renaissance and Baroque in character. Rome has had an immense historic influence to the world over the ages, particularly during ancient times, mainly in subjects such as architecture, art, culture, politics, literature, law, philosophy and religion.

Vatican City,  officially the State of the Vatican City (Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano), is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, the capital city of Italy. It has an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres) (0.44 km2), and a population of barely over 800. Vatican City is a city-state that came into existence in 1929. It is distinct from the Holy See, which dates back to early Christianity and is the main Episcopal see of 1.147 billion Latin and Eastern Catholic adherents around the globe. Ordinances of Vatican City are published in Italian; official documents of the Holy See are issued mainly in Latin. The two entities even have distinct passports: the Holy See, not being a country, only issues diplomatic and service passports; the state of Vatican City issues normal passports. In both cases the passports issued are very few.  The Lateran Treaty in 1929, which brought the city-state into existence, spoke of it as a new creation (Preamble and Article III), not as a vestige of the much larger Papal States (756-1870) that had previously encompassed central Italy. Most of this territory was absorbed into the Kingdom of Italy in 1860, and the final portion, namely the city of Rome with a small area close to it, ten years later, in 1870.  Vatican City is an ecclesiastical or sacerdotal-monarchical state, ruled by the bishop of Rome—the Pope. The highest state functionaries are all Catholic clergymen of various nationalities. It is the sovereign territory of the Holy See (Sancta Sedes) and the location of the Pope's residence, referred to as the Apostolic Palace.  The Popes have resided in the area that in 1929 became Vatican City since the return from Avignon in 1377. Previously, they resided in the Lateran Palace on the Caelian Hill on the opposite side of Rome, which site Constantine gave to Pope Miltiades in 313. The signing of the agreements that established the new state took place in the latter building, giving rise to the name of Lateran Pacts, by which they are known.